Is sanctification monergistic or synergistic (cooperative)?

I believe in a monergistic view of justification (the forgiveness of sins) — that is, Christ is solely responsible for giving us faith to believe in Christ, and we contribute nothing to our spiritual regeneration.

I believe that by my own reason or strength I cannot believe in Jesus Christ, my Lord, or come to him.  But the Holy Spirit has called me through the Gospel, enlightened me with his gifts, and sanctified and preserved me in true faith“. (Martin Luther, Small Catechism)

Be a sinner and sin boldly, but believe even more boldly and rejoice in Christ, who is victor over sin, death, and the world”. (Luther)

For me personally, the issue of justification is not an issue.  The issue is sanctification.  My question is whether sanctification is merely a question of semantics, or is there a big difference?  [ first a definition: ] Sanctification is the being made holy.  It denotes the inward spiritual transformation of the believer, whereby, one is made holy.  Justification is the source of sanctification.  Sanctification comes as a result when one becomes justified in Christ Jesus.

Evangelicals seem to focus on sanctification but it is also what trips us up.  Sanctification can also be somewhat of a tricky issue to define—is it monergistic or synergistic?  I’ve been searching but this is some of what I’ve found (Puritan Board; Monergism). Some see sanctification as a something we do in cooperation with God.  Some see it as something that God alone does for us. If we see it from a horizontal basis, then in this sense, you could say it’s synergistic, or cooperative; but on a vertical basis, it is monergistic.  It can be seen as being both; and this is why this can be a little confusing.  What is it–monergistic, synergistic, or simply cooperative?

2 thoughts on “Is sanctification monergistic or synergistic (cooperative)?

  1. Gary, thanks for your thoughts. There is also the idea where God alone makes us holy (cleansing us from sin) which can be monergistic, but we also need to cooperate in living out a holy life. I think we may be thinking of the same thing but just saying it in different ways. I’m not sure what are the different theological views on this issues though.

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  2. That’s a tough question, Kevin! I think justification is certainly monergistic, that we can do nothing without the awakening from the Holy Spirit. But when it comes to sanctification, it seems to me it’s more of a cooperative venture, and I think the Lord likes it that way. Once he has us (as if there was ever any doubt), I think he likes for us to be involved in our own sanctification, that our human will is working in agreement with the Holy Spirit to make us holy. Just a few thoughts anyway.

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